(April
2004)
PROVINCIAL
EXPORTS IN 2003
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* In
2003 exports grew in most of Argentina's provinces; only three of them exported
less than in 2002: Tucumán, Tierra del Fuego and Corrientes.
*
External sales originated mainly in the Pampean Region (70%), followed by
Patagonia (13%).
*
External shipments from the provinces of Santa Fe, Buenos Aires, Córdoba and
Entre Ríos accounted for approximately 80% of the total growth of exports, as a
result of the good trend in the agricultural sector, in particular for soya and
its by-products.
*
Although on a smaller scale, Neuquén, Santa Cruz and Chubut accounted for 11%
of the total exports growth, through fuels and unprocessed fish and seafood.
* The
provinces show an heterogeneous degree of export diversification by product,
with the highest levels of diversification in Cuyo and the Pampean Region.
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PROVINCIAL
EXPORTS 2003
Provincies USD mill.(*) % Share
% Annual var.
------------------------------------------------------
Buenos Aires 10.108
34,4% 9%
Santa Fe 6.278
21,4% 28%
Córdoba
3.390 11,6%
21%
Chubut
1.378 4,7%
8%
Neuquén
1.039 3,5%
20%
Santa Cruz 971
3,3% 13%
Mendoza
929 3,2%
6%
Entre Ríos 528
1,8% 56%
Catamarca
522 1,8%
10%
Salta
481 1,6%
4%
Río Negro
352 1,2%
15%
Tucumán
342 1,2%
-17%
Misiones
322 1,1%
18%
San Luis
268 0,9%
4%
Chaco
200 0,7%
47%
Cap. Federal 198
0,7% 11%
La Pampa
164 0,6%
36%
La Rioja
153 0,5%
13%
Sgo. del Estero 143
0,5% 194%
Tierra del Fuego 139
0,5% -48%
San Juan
123
0,4% 3%
Jujuy
111 0,4%
5%
Corrientes
69 0,2%
-7%
Formosa
19 0,1%
5%
Indeterminate 1.122
3,8% 1%
TOTAL 29.349
100,0% 14%
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(*) Preliminary data
Source: CEI, based on INDEC
GOOD
PERFORMANCE OF PROVINCIAL EXPORTS IN 2003
The good performance of commodity prices, the incipient recovery of world
economic activity and the current high rate of exchange (as a result of the end
of the Convertibility) led to a significant growth in Argentine exports last
year (+14% y-o-y). External sales grew in most of Argentina's provinces, as
reflected by the preliminary figures of exports during 2003. The most dynamic
districts were: Santiago del Estero (+194% y-o-y), Chaco (+47% y-o-y), Entre Ríos
(+56% y-o-y), La Pampa (+36% y-o-y) and Santa Fe (+28% y-o-y). Only three
provinces exported less than in 2002: Tucumán, Tierra del Fuego and Corrientes.
From the point of view of geographical distribution, approximately 70% of
exports originated in the Pampean Region, mainly in Buenos Aires (34%), Santa Fe
(21%) and Córdoba (12%); followed by the Patagonian provinces, which accounted
for 13% of total exports, prominent among them Chubut (5%), Neuquén (4%) and
Santa Cruz (3%).
SHARE
IN EXPORT GROWTH
Province % Contrib. % Share
Accum. Share
---------------------------------------------------
Santa Fe 5,3%
37% 37%
Buenos Aires 3,2%
23% 60%
Córdoba 2,2%
16% 76%
Entre Ríos 0,7%
5% 81%
Neuquén 0,7%
5% 86%
Santa Cruz 0,4%
3% 89%
Chubut
0,4% 3%
92%
Sgo. del Estero 0,4%
3% 94%
Chaco
0,2% 2%
96%
Catamarca 0,2%
2% 98%
Rest
0,3% 2%
100%
TOTAL 14,0%
100%
---------------------------------------------------
Source: CEI, based on INDEC
Owing to the strong position of the Pampean Region in the structure of external
sales, shipments from Santa Fe, Buenos Aires, Córdoba and Entre Ríos
contributed approximately with 80% of last year's total growth in exports. This
performance was mainly due to the good trend in the agricultural sector
generated by the increase in international prices last year, in particular for
the soya and its by-products.
In the case of Santa Fe it is worth mentioning the growth of sales of oil seeds,
pellets and flours and fats and oils. In Córdoba, in addition to the good
performance of the soya sector, there was a significant increase in sales of
grains (in particular corn), similarly to Entre Ríos (oil seeds and grains). In
Buenos Aires, on the other hand, apart from oil seeds and fats and oils, the
growth of exports was generated by sales of meats and their by-products,
chemical products, fuels and petroleum gas, the latter two having been
stimulated by the rise in fuel prices last year.
On the other hand, the Patagonian provinces of Neuquén, Santa Cruz and Chubut
played an important role in the growth of total exports (together accounting for
11%), through the sale of fuels and unprocessed fish and seafood. The
contribution of the provinces of Santiago del Estero and Chaco to the growth of
total exports was also significant, with a remarkable expansion of external
sales of oil seeds; and the province of Catamarca, basically through copper
mineral exports. Together, these three districts accounted for a 7% increase in
the total external shipments last year.
DIVERSIFICATION
OF PROVINCIAL EXPORTS
Reflecting the variety of productive structures of the different regions of the
country, an heterogeneous diversification level of provincial exports by product
can be found (1). The highest concentration levels of external shipments are
found in Patagonia, in the Northeast region and in the Northwest region, where a
few activities dominate the export structure, a situation that is particularly
remarkable in the southern provinces of the country. Thus, exports from
Patagonia are mainly concentrated in fuels (61% of the total); and to a lesser
extent, unprocessed fish and seafood, metals and its manufactures and fresh
fruit.
In the case of the Northeast region, the most important export activities are
primary products (42% of the total): oil seeds, grains, tobacco and tea, yerba
mate and spices, as well as sales of paper and cardboard and tanning extracts.
The case of the Northwest region is similar: basically, it exports primary
products (58%): copper, fresh fruit, oil seeds, tobacco and vegetables; as well
as fuels and furs and leather.
Among the provinces forming these regions, there are two cases in which external
sales concentrate almost solely around one product: in Catamarca, where copper
exports account for 90%; and in Formosa, where crude oil concentrates 80% of the
external shipments. Other cases of low diversification are: Santiago del Estero
(grains and oil seeds), Neuquén (crude oil and gasoline), Tierra del Fuego
(crude oil, petroleum gas and machines and equipment), La Rioja (furs and
leather, paper and cardboard and vegetable preparations) and Santa Cruz (crude
oil, unprocessed fish and seafood and precious stones and metals).
At the opposite end of the spectrum, the regions with higher diversification in
their export structure are Cuyo, and especially, the Pampean Region, although
there are provinces in the other regions with low concentration levels of export
products, such as Salta and Tucumán. The three provinces of the Cuyo Region
(Mendoza, San Luis and San Juan) show low concentration levels in their external
sales. In these districts, exports are mainly related to primary products: fresh
fruit and unprocessed vegetables; to the chains related to those primary
products like, vegetable preparations and alcoholic beverages; crude oil and
gasoline within fuel sales; and a group of industrial manufactures, such as
chemicals, plastics, paper and cardboard and machines and equipment.
Finally, Buenos Aires and Córdoba stand out in the Pampean Region due to they
low export concentration level, while Santa Fe and Entre Ríos show intermediate
diversification levels. In this region, exports focus on crops and oil seeds
within primary products; fat and oil, pellets and flour, meat and its
by-products and furs and leather within manufactures of agricultural origin;
gasoline and petroleum gas within fuel exports; and a variety of industrial
manufactures, such as chemicals, plastics, metals and their manufactures,
machines and equipment and vehicles.
(1) The
Herfindahl index was used to measure the diversification level of exports by
product on the second deaggregation level of the classification of external
sales by large categories. The index is calculated by adding twice the relative
share of products in the exports of each province, and may take values between 0
and 10,000.
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